Legal & Grievances
Complete guide to RTI application, consumer complaints (eDaakhil), legal aid (NALSA), police FIR, women/child helpline, labour complaints, court e-filing, Lok Adalat, public grievances (CPGRAMS), and all legal services for citizens.
Quick Actions
Common Use Cases
Document Types & Fees
RTI (Right to Information Act, 2005)
Official SiteFundamental right to seek information from any public authority. File RTI online/offline to any government department. Information must be provided within 30 days (48 hours if life/liberty). Fee: ₹10 application fee (cash/DD/online). BPL citizens exempt. File on rtionline.gov.in or send postal RTI to Public Information Officer (PIO). First appeal to Appellate Authority within 30 days if no response. Second appeal to Central/State Information Commission. Proactive disclosure on websites (Section 4) - check before filing.
Consumer Complaint (Consumer Protection Act, 2019)
Official SiteFile against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices, misleading ads. Three-tier forums: District (up to ₹1 crore), State (₹1-10 crore), National (>₹10 crore). File online at eDaakhil portal (edaakhil.nic.in) - paperless, no lawyer needed for district forum. Court fee: ₹200 (up to ₹5L), ₹400 (₹5L-10L), ₹500 (₹10L-20L), etc. 90-150 days disposal timeline. Evidence: bills, photos, emails, SMS. Compensation for price refund, replacement, damages, litigation cost. Also call National Consumer Helpline: 1800-11-4000 (mediation before filing).
Legal Aid Services (NALSA)
Official SiteFREE legal services (lawyer, court fees) to: Women, SC/ST, Children, Persons with disability, Industrial workers, Victims of trafficking/atrocity, Income <₹5 lakh/year, Disaster victims, Transgenders. Provided by NALSA (National Legal Services Authority), State/District Legal Aid Authorities (SLSAs/DLSAs). Services: Legal advice, court representation, drafting documents, Lok Adalat referral. Apply at District Legal Services Authority office with income certificate/eligibility proof. Panel lawyers appointed. Also legal awareness camps, para-legal volunteers. Helpline: 15100 (NALSA).
Police Complaint/FIR Registration
Official SiteFIR (First Information Report) mandatory for cognizable offences (serious crimes: theft, assault, rape, murder, cheating >₹20K, cyber crimes). Police CANNOT refuse FIR (Section 154 CrPC). File: 1) Police station (any PS in India, not just jurisdiction), 2) Online: State police website/app (e-FIR for non-cognizable/minor offences), 3) Call 100 (police helpline), 4) Superintendent of Police if PS refuses. FIR copy (Zero FIR) to be given free. Cyber crimes: National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (cybercrime.gov.in) for online fraud, hacking, social media abuse. Women crimes: 1091/112 helpline, separate women police station. Track FIR status online via Case Status portal.
Women Helpline (181)
Official Site24×7 toll-free helpline for women in distress. Issues: Domestic violence, dowry harassment, rape/sexual assault, workplace harassment, acid attack, stalking, child marriage. Immediate assistance: Police intervention, legal aid, medical help, shelter homes (Swadhar Greha, One Stop Centre). Counselling, emotional support, referral to Women's Commission. File complaint via 181 call, SMS, WhatsApp. Also NCW (National Commission for Women) online complaint (ncw.nic.in). Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA): Protection order, residence order, monetary relief from magistrate courtwithin 60 days. Evidence: hospital reports, photos, SMS, witnesses.
Child Helpline (1098) - CHILDLINE
Official Site24×7 emergency helpline for children in need (0-18 years). Issues: Child abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), abandonment, missing children, child labour, trafficking, begging, child marriage, drug abuse, HIV+, street children. Immediate rescue, shelter (Children's Home under JJ Act), medical aid, legal aid, family restoration, adoption linkage. Also police complaint (POCSO Act for sexual abuse - mandatory reporting), Child Welfare Committee (CWC) intervention. Report online: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (ncpcr.gov.in) or call 1098 (anonymous reporting allowed). Track missing children: trackthemissingchild.gov.in.
Labour Complaints & Grievances
Official SiteFile complaints for: Wage non-payment/delay, Salary below minimum wage, Wrongful termination, Provident Fund (EPF) issues, Gratuity denial, ESI (health insurance) issues, Bonus non-payment, Workplace harassment/discrimination, Unsafe working conditions, Maternity benefit denial, Contract labour exploitation. PORTAL: SAMADHAN Portal (samadhan.labour.gov.in) for EPF grievances (PF withdrawal, claim rejection). SHRAM SUVIDHA Portal for factory/establishment complaints. E-SHRAM (eshram.gov.in) registration for unorganized workers. Labour helpline: 155214. Also approach: Labour Commissioner Office, Labour Registrar, Chief Labour Commissioner (CLC). Industrial Disputes Act, Payment of Wages Act, Factories Act, Contract Labour Act apply.
Court Services - e-Filing & Case Status
Official Sitee-FILING: Supreme Court (efiling.sci.gov.in), High Courts (state-specific portals), District/Subordinate Courts via e-Courts portal (ecourts.gov.in/ecourts_home/). Paperless filing (PDF upload), e-payment of court fees, virtual hearings (video conferencing since COVID). CASE STATUS: ecourts.gov.in/ecourts_home/static/caseStatus.php → Search by CNR number, case number, party name, advocate, FIR number. Track: Next hearing date, case history, orders/judgments download. VIRTUAL COURTS: Traffic challans, cheque bounce cases (Negotiable Instruments Act). E-PAYMENT: Pay fines, court fees online. CAUSELIST: Daily hearing list on court websites. E-COURTS SERVICES APP: Mobile app for case info.
Lok Adalat (People's Court)
Official SiteAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism for amicable settlement. Organized by Legal Services Authorities (NALSA/SLSA/DLSA). Cases: Pre-litigation (before filing suit), pending cases (referred by courts), compoundable criminal cases, civil disputes (property, family, cheque bounce, partition, contract). ADVANTAGES: Fast disposal (single day), no court fee, no further appeal (settlement binding under Section 21 of LSA Act), simplified procedure, mutual agreement. NATIONAL LOK ADALAT: 2nd Saturday every month across India simultaneously. Settlement: Both parties agree, signed on stamp paper, enforceable as court decree. Compensation/refund under Consumer Act also settled. Check district legal aid website for Lok Adalat schedules.
Public Grievances - CPGRAMS
Official SiteCentralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) - single portal for all government-related complaints. File against: Central/state govt departments, ministries, PSUs, autonomous bodies. Issues: Service delivery delays, corruption, pension delays, transfer/posting issues, departmental injustice, benefit scheme rejections. Portal: pgportal.gov.in → Register/login → Lodge grievance → Forwarded to concerned department → Response within 60 days → Rate satisfaction → Escalation if unsatisfied. Anonymous complaints also accepted. Track status online. Appeals to Administrative Secretaries if not resolved. Also: PM Office (PMO) grievances (pmindia.gov.in), CM grievance portals at state level. Whistleblower protection under Whistle Blowers Protection Act.
Senior Citizens Helpline & Legal Aid
Official SiteHelpline: 14567 (toll-free, 24×7). Issues: Elderly abuse, property disputes (forced transfer, eviction by children), maintenance (Section 125 CrPC, Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007), pension delays, healthcare denial, abandonment. Maintenance Tribunal: Can order children/relatives to pay ₹10,000-₹20,000/month. Parents can get property transfer reversed (Section 23 of Act). Senior citizen cells/desks at police stations. Fast-track courts for senior citizens (priority hearing). Free legal aid (anyone >60 years eligible under NALSA). Will registration, elder abuse reporting.
Anti-Corruption Complaints (CVC, Lokpal, Lokayukta)
Official SiteFile corruption complaints against: Central govt officials (CVC - Central Vigilance Commission: cvc.gov.in), MPs/Ministers/PM (Lokpal: lokpal.gov.in), State govt officials/MLAs/CMs (State Lokayukta). CVC: For Group A, B, C, D govt employees. Online complaint with evidence (documents, photos, witnesses). Anonymous complaints entertained if specific. Inquiry by CBI/ACB (Anti-Corruption Bureau). LOKPAL: For MPs, Ministers, PM. Complaint in writing with affidavit. Lokpal can order investigation, asset declaration verification, prosecution. LOKAYUKTA: State-level (structure varies - some powerful, some advisory). Protection: Whistleblower Protection Act (identity confidentiality, protection from victimization). Also: ACB State helpline, I PAID A BRIBE website (ipaidabribe.com).
Step-by-Step Application Guide
File RTI Application Online
Visit rtionline.gov.in → Register/Login (email, mobile, password) → Select Ministy/Department (Central govt) OR visit state RTI portal for state issues → Fill RTI Form: Applicant details (name, address, email, mobile), Information sought (specific, clear questions - "Please provide copies of all files related to..."), Purpose (optional, but recommended - personal/public interest), Mode of reply (online/post/in-person inspection) → Upload supporting documents (if any) → Pay fee ₹10 online (Net banking/UPI/Card) - BPL exempt by uploading BPL certificate → Submit → Acknowledgement receipt (RTI Registration No + PIO/CPIO contact). RESPONSE: Within 30 days (email/post). If 48-hour urgency (life/liberty), mention in application. TRACK: Login → My Applications → Check status.
File First & Second Appeal for RTI
NO RESPONSE after 30 days OR incomplete/wrong info OR refusal: FILE FIRST APPEAL to Appellate Authority (senior to PIO, within same department). TIMELINE: Within 30 days of deadline expiry. PROCESS: Online (rtionline portal - same where you filed RTI) OR offline (typed appeal letter to Appellate Authority with RTI acknowledgement copy). FIRST APPEAL RESULT: Within 45 days. If STILL unsatisfied OR no reply: FILE SECOND APPEAL to Central/State Information Commission. SECOND APPEAL: Within 90 days from first appeal date. Via Commission website (cic.gov.in for Central) with RTI + first appeal copies. HEARING: Commission summons PIO, conducts hearing, passes order (information disclosure + penalty ₹250/day on PIO up to ₹25,000 if malafide). COMPLIANCE: PIO must provide info within 30 days of order.
File Consumer Complaint on eDaakhil
Visit edaakhil.nic.in → Register Consumer (name, email, mobile, PAN, Aadhaar) → Login → File Complaint → Select Forum: District (<₹1 crore claim), State (₹1-10 crore), National (>₹10 crore). Fill details: Complainant info, Opposite Party (company name, address, GSTIN), Purchase date, Complaint nature (defective goods/deficient service/unfair trade practice/misleading ad), Facts (in chronological order with dates), Relief sought (refund + compensation + litigation cost). Upload documents: Purchase bill/invoice, photos/videos of defect, correspondence with seller (emails, letters, SMS), warranty card, delivery challan, bank statement (for online purchase). Pay court fee online (₹200 up to ₹5L). E-sign or upload physical signature. Submit → Case number generated. NOTICE sent to opposite party (21 days reply). HEARING: 3-4 hearings typically. Evidence (bills, witness). Judgment: 90-150 days. Refund/replacement/compensation awarded. Enforceable as court decree.
Apply for Free Legal Aid (NALSA)
ELIGIBILITY CHECK: Women, SC/ST, Children, Disabled, Industrial workers, Victims of trafficking/mass disaster, Income <₹5 lakh/year, Transgender, Victim of drug abuse/human trafficking/custodial violence. DOCUMENTS: Income certificate (from Tehsildar - <₹5L/year) OR Caste certificate (SC/ST) OR Disability certificate OR Other proof. APPLICATION: Visit District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) office (located at District Court complex) with: Identity proof (Aadhaar), Eligibility document, Brief about case (facts, opponent, court/stage if already filed). Fill application form. APPROVAL: Within 7-15 days. SERVICES PROVIDED: 1) Free lawyer (from DLSA panel - experienced advocates), 2) Court fees waiver, 3) Document drafting (petition, affidavit), 4) Lok Adalat referral (if case suitable for settlement), 5) Legal awareness. ALSO: Can apply online on NALSA Darpan portal (darpan.nalsa.gov.in). Helpline: 15100 (NALSA toll-free).
Lodge Police Complaint/FIR & Track Status
COGNIZABLE OFFENCES (FIR Mandatory): Theft, robbery, assault, rape, murder, cheating >₹20K, cyber fraud, forgery, kidnapping. GO TO: Nearest police station (jurisdiction not mandatory - "Zero FIR" can be filed anywhere). Inform duty officer → Complaint statement recorded → FIR registered (signed by victim) → Copy given FREE (No objection allowed - Section 154 CrPC). IF PS REFUSES: 1) Write complaint, get acknowledgement, 2) Send complaint by post to Superintendent of Police (SP), 3) Approach Magistrate under Section 156(3) for direction to police. ONLINE FIR: State police website/app (for non-cognizable: lost phone, theft <₹20K, vehicle towing) → Fill details → OTP verification → E-FIR PDF download. CYBER CRIMES: cybercrime.gov.in → Report → Fraud/hacking/social media crime → Upload screenshots, transaction details → Complaint number → Police investigation. FIR TRACKING: State police website → Enter FIR number/mobile → Status (under investigation/chargesheet filed/disposal).
File Domestic Violence Complaint (Women)
IMMEDIATE HELP: Call 181 (Women Helpline - 24×7) → Police/counselor arrives → Rescue if needed → Shelter (One Stop Centre/Swadhar Greha). LEGAL COMPLAINT: 1) Police complaint/FIR (if physical assault - IPC Sections 323, 498A dowry harassment, 376 rape). ALSO: 2) Protection Order from Magistrate under PWDVA (Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005). PROCESS: Visit Protection Officer (PO) at District/Tehsil Office OR NGO → File Domestic Incident Report (DIR) with: Details of violence (physical/mental/economic/sexual), Husband/in-laws involvement, Medical reports (injury certificate from govt hospital), Witnesses. PO files application in Magistrate Court → Hearing within 3 days (urgent) → ORDERS: a) Protection Order (stop violence, no contact), b) Residence Order (live in matrimonial home), c) Monetary Relief (maintenance ₹10,000-30,000/month), d) Custody of children. VIOLATION: 1 year jail. FREE LEGAL AID available. Divorce separately under Hindu Marriage Act/Special Marriage Act/Muslim Law (different process, takes 1-2 years).
File Labour Complaint for Salary/Wage Issues
ISSUE: Salary not paid/delayed, below minimum wage, wrongful termination, PF not deposited, gratuity denied, bonus not paid, leave encashment not given. DOCUMENTS: Appointment letter, salary slips (if any), bank statement, attendance proof, PF passbook (UAN), offer letter, termination notice. PORTAL COMPLAINTS: 1) EPF ISSUES: samadhan.labour.gov.in → Register with UAN → File grievance (PF withdrawal pending, claim rejection, employer not depositing PF) → Grievance number → EPFO regional office resolves. 2) WAGE/TERMINATION: Unified Shram Suvidha Portal (shramsuvidha.gov.in) → E-Nivaran → Online complaint → Forwarded to Labour Inspector. 3) OFFLINE: Visit Labour Commissioner Office/Labour Inspector with written complaint + documents → Conciliation meeting → Settlement OR reference to Labour Court (adjudication - can take 6 months-2 years). HELPLINE: 155214 (Shram Sampark Kendra). WAGE RECOVERY: Labour Inspector orders employer to pay within 30 days + compensation. ORGANIZED SECTOR: Can approach union. CONTRACT/GIGS: E-Shram registration (eshram.gov.in) for benefits.
File Public Grievance on CPGRAMS
For complaints against: Central govt departments, ministries, PSUs (railways, banks, oil companies), autonomous bodies, benefit scheme rejections, corruption, service delays. PORTAL: pgportal.gov.in → Register (name, mobile, email, Aadhaar - optional but recommended for tracking) → Login → Lodge Grievance → Select: Ministry/Department (dropdown list - 80+ departments), Subject (dropdown - pension, transfer, land, tax, etc.), Details (chronological description with dates, names, amounts), Documents upload (PDF <2MB - applications, rejections, correspondence). Submit → Unique Registration Number → SMS/email confirmation. GRIEVANCE WORKFLOW: Forwarded to concerned officer → Action taken → Reply posted on portal (citizen gets SMS) → Citizen rates satisfaction (satisfied/not satisfied). TIMELINE: 60 days. If NOT SATISFIED: Auto-escalated to senior authority. APPEAL: Grievance Appeal (within 30 days). ANONYMOUS: Can file without registration (but cannot track status). ALSO: PM Office (pmindia.gov.in - select Grievances), State CM portals (state-specific). TRACK: Login → My Grievances → Status (pending/under process/resolved).
Important Notes
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Frequently Asked Questions
How to file RTI application online? What information can I request?
RTI (Right to Information Act 2005) allows citizens to seek information from any PUBLIC AUTHORITY (govt departments, PSUs, govt-funded NGOs). WHAT YOU CAN REQUEST: Copies of documents/files, Inspection of works/documents, Certified samples, Information/data/statistics, Why decision taken (reasons), Expenditure details, Project files, Tender documents, Utilization certificates, Complaint records. WHAT YOU CANNOT REQUEST: Personal information of third party (violates privacy), Cabinet papers, PMO/CMO internal notes (exempt under Section 8), Info affecting national security/foreign relations, Trade secrets, Info published/available in public domain (proactive disclosure - check website first). HOW TO FILE ONLINE: Visit rtionline.gov.in (Central govt) OR state RTI portal (for state depts) → Register/Login → Select Ministry/Department → Fill RTI form: Name, address, mobile, email, Information sought (specific questions - not vague!), Purpose (optional), Mode of reply → Pay ₹10 online (BPL exempt with certificate) → Submit → Acknowledgement (RTI Reg No). RESPONSE: Within 30 days (48 hours if life/liberty). PIO (Public Information Officer) replies via email/post. If NO REPLY or REFUSED: File First Appeal within 30 days.
RTI rejected/no response. How to file First Appeal and Second Appeal?
NO RESPONSE after 30 days OR Information denied/incomplete/wrong OR Fee demanded beyond ₹10: FILE FIRST APPEAL! FIRST APPEAL: TO WHOM: Appellate Authority (First Appellate Authority - FAA) - senior officer to PIO, within same department. Contact details on RTI acknowledgement. TIMELINE: Within 30 days from expiry of 30-day deadline OR from date of PIO reply. PROCESS: Online (same portal where RTI filed - rtionline.gov.in for Central) OR Offline (typed/handwritten appeal letter). CONTENT: RTI application details (Reg No, date, PIO name), PIO reply (or non-reply), Reason for appeal (information wrongly denied/incomplete/delayed), Relief sought (provide information + penalty on PIO). Attach RTI application + PIO reply copies. OUTCOME: FAA decides within 45 days. Order sent to appellant + PIO. FAA can: Direct PIO to provide info, Impose penalty ₹250/day up to ₹25,000 (if malafide denial), Dismiss appeal. SECOND APPEAL (if First Appeal fails): TO WHOM: Central/State Information Commission (CIC/SIC). TIMELINE: Within 90 days from date of FAA order OR non-compliance by PIO. PROCESS: Via Commission website (cic.gov.in for Central, state commission for state). Submit online/offline: Second Appeal letter + RTI copy + PIO reply + First Appeal order. HEARING: Commission fixes hearing date, summons PIO, conducts open hearing (you can attend or send written submission). FINAL ORDER: Commission order is BINDING. Can direct disclosure + penalty (up to ₹25,000). No further appeal (only Writ Petition in High Court if legal question).
How to file consumer complaint online on eDaakhil? What are the fees and timeline?
CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2019 covers: Defective goods (manufacturing/design defect, not as per standards), Deficient services (telecom, banking, transport, e-commerce, healthcare, education), Unfair trade practices (false warranty, misleading ads), Overcharging, Spurious goods, Restrictive trade practice. WHO CAN FILE: Any consumer (buyer of goods/services for self-use, not resale). FORUMS (3-tier): 1) DISTRICT Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: Claims up to ₹1 crore. 2) STATE Commission: ₹1 crore to ₹10 crore. 3) NATIONAL Commission: Above ₹10 crore. HOW TO FILE (eDaakhil portal): Visit edaakhil.nic.in → Register Consumer (name, Aadhaar, PAN, mobile, email) → Login → File Complaint → SELECT FORUM (based on claim value) → FILL DETAILS: Complainant (your details), Opposite Party (company/seller name, address, GSTIN), Transaction Date, Complaint Nature (dropdown), Facts (chronological, numbered paras - what happened, when, correspondence done), Relief Sought (refund ₹X + compensation ₹X + litigation cost), Jurisdiction (where you reside/transaction happened). UPLOAD DOCS: Purchase bill/invoice, Product photos/videos (defect), Emails/letters to company (complaint, reply), Warranty card, Challan, Bank statement. E-SIGN or upload signature. PAY COURT FEE online: ₹200 (up to ₹5L), ₹400 (₹5L-10L), ₹500 (₹10L-20L), etc. SUBMIT → Case number → Notice to opposite party (21 days to reply) → Hearings (3-4 typically) → Evidence → Arguments → ORDER (90-150 days ideally). COMPENSATION: Refund + replacement + damages + mental agony compensation + litigation cost (₹5K-50K). Enforceable as civil court decree. APPEAL: To State Commission (District forum order), National Commission (State order), Supreme Court (National order) within 30-45 days.
Who is eligible for free legal aid? How to apply for NALSA legal aid?
LEGAL SERVICES AUTHORITIES ACT 1987 (NALSA Act) provides FREE LEGAL SERVICES (lawyer, court fees, document drafting) to: 1) WOMEN (all women regardless of income!), 2) SC/ST (regardless of income), 3) Children (below 18 years), 4) Persons with disability (40%+ disability), 5) Victims of trafficking, 6) Victims of mass disaster/ethnic violence/caste atrocity/flood/drought/earthquake/industrial disaster, 7) Industrial workers (ESIC Act), 8) Persons in custody (prisoners, undertrials), 9) Persons with annual income less than ₹5 lakh (income certificate needed), 10) Transgender persons, 11) Victims of drug abuse, 12) Victims of human trafficking or Beggar referred by social welfare board. SERVICES PROVIDED: 1) Legal advice (consultation with panel lawyers), 2) Drafting of legal documents (petition, affidavit, reply, application), 3) Legal representation in courts (advocate appointed FREE from DLSA panel), 4) Court fees waiver (stamp paper, filing fees), 5) Lok Adalat services (pre-litigation counseling, settlement negotiation). HOW TO APPLY: Visit DISTRICT LEGAL SERVICES AUTHORITY (DLSA) office - located at District Court complex OR Taluka Legal Services Committee (at Taluka Court). DOCUMENTS: 1) Eligibility proof: Income Certificate from Tehsildar (<₹5L/year) OR Caste Certificate (SC/ST) OR Disability Certificate OR Other category proof, 2) Identity proof (Aadhaar), 3) Case details (if already filed - case number, court, stage) OR brief facts (if not filed - what happened, opponent, need for legal action). Fill application form → Submit → DLSA reviews (7-15 days) → Panel lawyer assigned (experienced advocates, often senior) → Lawyer contacts you → Representation starts. ALSO ONLINE: NALSA Darpan portal (darpan.nalsa.gov.in) - apply online. HELPLINE: 15100 (NALSA helpline). NO CHARGES throughout case!
How to lodge police complaint or FIR online? What if police refuses FIR?
DIFFERENCE: 1) FIR (First Information Report) - for COGNIZABLE offences (serious crimes where police can arrest without warrant): Theft, robbery, assault (IPC 323-326), rape, murder, kidnapping, forgery, cheating >₹20,000, cyber fraud, dacoity, rioting. 2) NCR (Non-Cognizable Report) - for minor offences: Theft <₹20K, simple hurt, insult, defamation, private disputes. HOW TO LODGE FIR (OFFLINE): Go to NEAREST police station (ANY PS in India, not necessarily in whose jurisdiction crime occurred - "ZERO FIR" can be lodged anywhere, later transferred). Inform duty officer → Oral/written complaint → Officer records statement → Victim signs → FIR registered (each FIR has unique number) → FREE COPY given immediately (Section 154 CrPC - police CANNOT refuse). IF POLICE REFUSES FIR: 1) Insist, quote Section 154 CrPC (mandatory FIR), 2) Give written complaint, demand acknowledgment, 3) Complaint/call Superintendent of Police (SP) of district, 4) File complaint with Magistrate under Section 156(3) CrPC (Magistrate will order police to register FIR and investigate), 5) Approach State Human Rights Commission (if rights violation). ONLINE FIR/COMPLAINT: State police website/mobile app (varies by state - some allow FIR, some only NCR/complaint). Example: UP - cctnsup.gov.in, Maharashtra - citizen.mahapolice.gov.in, Delhi - eservices.delhipolice.gov.in. Fill form → Upload documents → OTP → E-FIR PDF download. CYBER CRIMES: cybercrime.gov.in (National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal) - report online fraud, UPI scams, hacking, social media abuse, job fraud, sextortion → Upload screenshots, transaction IDs → Complaint number → Forwarded to state cyber cell → Investigation. WOMEN-SPECIFIC: 1091 (Women Helpline), 181. EMERGENCY: 100, 112 (integrated emergency number).
How to file domestic violence complaint? What is Women Helpline 181?
PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2005 (PWDVA): Protects women from violence by husband/relatives. TYPES OF VIOLENCE: 1) Physical (beating, assault), 2) Sexual (forced intercourse, rape), 3) Verbal/Emotional (insults, threats, humiliation), 4) Economic (denial of money, confiscation of salary, not allowing to work, not maintaining). IMMEDIATE HELP: 1) CALL 181: Women Helpline (toll-free, 24×7, 22 languages). Counselor/police response team reaches → Rescue if needed → Shelter at One Stop Centre (OSC) / Swadhar Greha (short stay home) / Shelter home. Medical aid, counseling, legal advice, police complaint facilitation. 2) POLICE FIR: If physical violence, lodge FIR under IPC Sections: 498A (cruelty by husband/relatives), 323-326 (assault, grievous hurt), 376 (rape), 354 (outraging modesty), 406 (criminal breach of trust - stridhan). 3) PROTECTION ORDER from Magistrate (under PWDVA): Visit PROTECTION OFFICER (PO) - District Social Welfare Office/Tehsil OR contact through 181/police. File DOMESTIC INCIDENT REPORT (DIR) - details of violence, husband/in-laws names, children details. PO assists in filing application in Magistrate Court (Judicial Magistrate First Class). DOCUMENTS: Medical reports (injury certificate from govt hospital - MLC), Photos of injuries, SMS/WhatsApp threats, Witnesses (neighbors, family, friends). HEARING: Within 3 days (urgent). ORDERS AVAILABLE: a) PROTECTION ORDER: Stop violence, no threats, no contact, can't enter workplace, b) RESIDENCE ORDER: Right to live in matrimonial/shared household (cannot be evicted), c) CUSTODY ORDER: Children custody to wife, d) MONETARY RELIEF: Maintenance (₹10,000-30,000/month) + compensation for injuries/loss + medical expenses. ORDER VIOLATION: 1 year jail or ₹20,000 fine. FREE LEGAL AID for women (NALSA). DIVORCE: Separate process (Hindu Marriage Act/Special Marriage Act - takes 1-2 years, cruelty ground).
How to report child abuse or missing child? What is CHILDLINE 1098?
CHILDLINE 1098: 24×7 toll-free helpline for CHILDREN IN NEED (0-18 years). Run by Ministry of Women & Child Development. Anonymous reporting allowed. ISSUES: 1) Child abuse: Physical (beating by parents/teachers), Sexual (POCSO Act - rape, molestation, child pornography, online abuse), Emotional (constant humiliation, threats), 2) Abandonment/orphan, 3) Missing/runaway child, 4) Child labour (employed under 14 years), 5) Child trafficking (selling, forced marriage), 6) Child begging (forced by parents/traffickers), 7) Street children, 8) Drug abuse by child, 9) HIV+ child, 10) Child marriage (below 18 years for girl, 21 for boy), 11) Juvenile delinquency. HOW IT WORKS: Call 1098 → Childline team (social workers + police if needed) reaches spot (response time: 30-60 min in cities, longer in rural) → Rescue child → Emergency: Medical aid (hospital), Shelter (Children's Home under Juvenile Justice Act), Counseling, Education linkage → Report to CHILD WELFARE COMMITTEE (CWC - statutory body under JJ Act, District-level, 5 members) → CWC conducts inquiry → ORDERS: a) Restoration to family (if safe), b) Foster care, c) Adoption (via CARA - Central Adoption Resource Authority), d) Institutional care (Children's Home), e) Rehabilitation (for child labour/trafficking victims). POLICE COMPLAINT: POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012) - for sexual abuse. Mandatory reporting! Child-friendly procedures (statement at home/CWC office, not police station, screen during evidence, videoconference testimony). Severe punishment: 7 years to life imprisonment + fine. MISSING CHILD: Report 1098 + Police FIR immediately → Search Operation → Track at trackthemissingchild.gov.in (portal by Ministry WCD + police). COMPLAINT ONLINE: ncpcr.gov.in (National Commission for Protection of Child Rights) → Online Complaint → Category selection → Details → Upload proof → Action. STATE SCPCR: State Commissions also accept complaints.
How to file labour complaint for salary non-payment or EPF issues?
LABOUR ISSUES COVERED: 1) Salary/wage not paid or delayed (beyond 7th of next month), 2) Payment below Minimum Wages Act rates (state-specific, ₹10K-18K/month typically for unskilled), 3) Wrongful termination (without notice/reason/enquiry), 4) EPF (Employees Provident Fund) not deposited by employer, 5) EPF withdrawal stuck/claim rejected, 6) Gratuity not paid (due after 5 years continuous service @ 15 days wage per year), 7) Bonus not paid (8.33% of wages if salary <₹21K/month, establishment >20 employees), 8) Leave encashment/earned leave not given, 9) Maternity benefit denial (26 weeks paid leave for women), 10) ESI (health insurance) issues, 11) Workplace harassment/discrimination. DOCUMENTS NEEDED: Appointment letter, Offer letter, Salary slips (if issued), Bank statement (last salary received), EPF passbook (UAN number - login on epfindia.gov.in), PF contribution statement, Termination letter/notice (if fired), Attendance proof (register, biometric, emails), Work emails/WhatsApp (proof of employment if no letter). ONLINE COMPLAINTS: 1) EPF GRIEVANCES (PF withdrawal pending, employer not depositing PF, claim rejected): Visit samadhan.labour.gov.in → Register with UAN (Universal Account Number - 12 digit number if you've ever contributed to PF) → Login → Register Grievance → Select issue type → Details → Submit → Ticket number → EPFO Regional Office reviews → Resolution (usually 15-30 days) → Amount credited if valid. 2) WAGE/TERMINATION/OTHER LABOUR ISSUES: Unified Shram Suvidha Portal (shramsuvidha.gov.in) → Citizen section → E-Nivaran → Online complaint → Select state → Issue type → Employer details (company name, address, establishment ID if known) → Your employment details → Issue description → Upload documents → Submit → Forwarded to Labour Inspector → Conciliation → If resolved, amount paid + compensation. If NOT resolved, case referred to Labour Court (can take 6 months-2 years). OFFLINE: Visit LABOUR COMMISSIONER OFFICE or LABOUR INSPECTOR (district/area-wise) with written complaint + documents → Conciliation meeting (employer called, negotiation) → Settlement memo signed OR dispute referred to adjudication (Labour Court). PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT: Wages must be paid by 7th of next month. Delay = complaint within 3 years → Inspector orders payment + 50% compensation. HELPLINE: 155214 (Shram Sampark Kendra - Central Labour Ministry). CONTRACT/GIG WORKERS: Register on E-SHRAM portal (eshram.gov.in) with Aadhaar → Get UAN → Access to welfare schemes (accident insurance ₹2 lakh, skill training).
How to check court case status online? What is e-Courts services portal?
E-COURTS MISSION MODE PROJECT: National e-Governance Plan for ICT enablement of judiciary. Portal: ecourts.gov.in (covers 18,735 District & Subordinate Courts across India). SERVICES AVAILABLE: 1) CASE STATUS: Track pending cases, see case history, hearing dates, next date, stage of case, orders/judgments. 2) CNR (Case Number Record): Unique national number for each case. 3) CAUSE LISTS: Daily hearing lists (which cases on which date). 4) CASE DETAILS: Parties, advocates, filing date, case type. 5) ORDERS/JUDGMENTS: Download court orders, judgments (PDF). 6) DISPLAY BOARDS: Real-time court hall displays. HOW TO CHECK CASE STATUS: Visit ecourts.gov.in → Services → Case Status → Select State → Select District → Select Court Complex → SEARCH OPTIONS: a) CNR Number (16-digit unique number - best if you have it), b) Case Number (Format: Case Type/Number/Year - e.g., CS/123/2024 - if you know), c) Party Name (your name or opponent's name - may show multiple results), d) Advocate Name (your lawyer's name), e) FIR Number (for criminal cases), f) Filing Number (number when you filed case), g) Caveat Search. SEARCH → Results → Click case → DETAILS SHOWN: Parties, Advocates, Case history (all hearings, dates, what happened), Next hearing date, Status (pending/disposed/transferred), Connected cases, Orders (download PDF). SUPREME COURT: main.sci.gov.in → Case Status (separate portal). HIGH COURTS: Each High Court has own website (e.g., Bombay HC, Delhi HC, Madras HC) with case status, cause lists, orders. E-FILING: E-filing also available via e-Courts portal (paperless filing, digital signature or e-sign, e-payment of court fees). VIRTUAL COURTS: For traffic challans, cheque bounce cases → vcourts.gov.in → Pay fine online, no physical appearance. MOBILE APP: e-Courts Services Mobile App (Android/iOS) - case status on phone, push notifications for hearing dates. ALSO: National Judicial Data Grid (njdg.ecourts.gov.in) - statistics, pendency data, disposal rates (useful for analysis, not for individual case status).
What is Lok Adalat? How does it work? Is settlement binding?
LOK ADALAT = "People's Court" - Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism under Legal Services Authorities Act 1987. Organized by NALSA/SLSA/DLSA (National/State/District Legal Services Authorities) with help of judiciary. OBJECTIVE: Amicable settlement of disputes out of court - fast, no court fee, final (no appeal). TYPES: 1) PRE-LITIGATION LOK ADALAT: Disputes NOT yet filed in court (parties approach DLSA directly). 2) LOK ADALAT FOR PENDING CASES: Cases already filed in courts, referred by judge to Lok Adalat for settlement attempt. CASES SUITABLE: Civil: Property partition, rent, easement, contract breach, recovery suits, cheque bounce (Negotiable Instruments Act - most common!), motor accident claims, family disputes (maintenance, custody - not divorce itself). Criminal: Compoundable offences (where parties can settle - simple hurt, defamation, criminal breach of trust), traffic challans. NOT SUITABLE: Non-compoundable criminal cases (murder, rape, serious crimes), divorce (only referred for maintenance/custody terms). JURISDICTION/PECUNIARY LIMIT: Lok Adalat can decide cases of ANY VALUE! Even ₹1 crore+ (unlike courts with pecuniary jurisdiction). NATIONAL LOK ADALAT: Held on 2nd Saturday of every month (since 2015) across entire India simultaneously (all districts, all states). Mass disposal - lakhs of cases settled in single day. Banks, PSUs, govt departments participate (loan recovery, electricity bills, cheque bounce). HOW IT WORKS: Bench: 2-3 members (1 Judicial officer - retired/sitting judge + 2 Social workers/lawyers). Parties called → Brief presentation (no elaborate evidence, witnesses) → Bench suggests settlement amount/terms → Negotiation (bench mediates, not imposed) → COMPROMISE: Both parties agree → Settlement recorded on paper → Parties sign → Bench signs → AWARD passed under Section 21 of LSA Act. AWARD NATURE: Deemed DECREE of Civil Court (enforceable like court judgment), Final & Binding (NO APPEAL to any court - Section 21). EXECUTION: If party doesn't comply, other party can execute award like decree (attach property, recovery). ADVANTAGES: 1) NO COURT FEE, 2) Single-day disposal (vs years in court), 3) Simplified procedure (no professional legal representation needed), 4) Win-win (both parties happy with settlement vs winner-loser in court), 5) No appeal (finality, closure). HOW TO ACCESS: PRE-LITIGATION: Visit DLSA office (District Court complex) → Apply with case details → DLSA schedules in next Lok Adalat. PENDING CASE: Your advocate can request judge to refer case to Lok Adalat OR judge suo moto refers → Notice sent to both parties. CHECK SCHEDULE: District Legal Services Authority website (state govt site) - publishes Lok Adalat calendar.
How to file public grievance on CPGRAMS portal? How to track status?
CPGRAMS = Centralized Public Grievance Redress And Monitoring System. Single-window online portal for lodging grievances against: Central government ministries/departments (80+ departments), Central Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) - Railways, banks, oil companies, telecom, postal, Autonomous bodies/regulators - EPFO, UIDAI, FCI, RBI actions, CBSE/UGC issues, Statutory bodies, Any matter relating to service delivery in Central govt. STATE/UT ISSUES: Use State CM grievance portal (integrated with CPGRAMS for some states). WHO CAN FILE: Any citizen. Indian nationals + NRIs. Anonymous complaints also accepted (but tracking not possible). ISSUES YOU CAN RAISE: Service delays (pension, passport, PF withdrawal), Benefit scheme rejection (PM Awas, Ayushman), Corruption (bribe demand), Harassment by officials, Wrongful/arbitrary orders, Transfer/posting grievances (govt employees), Salary/arrears non-payment (govt employees), Railway issues (refund, cleanliness, safety), Banking issues (PSU banks - loan rejection, account freeze), Arbitrary property acquisition, ANY injustice by Central govt authorities. HOW TO FILE: Visit pgportal.gov.in → Click "Lodge Public Grievance" → CREATE ACCOUNT: Register (Name, Mobile, Email, State, District) → OTP verification → Login OR FILE WITHOUT REGISTRATION (anonymous - but can't track). FILL GRIEVANCE FORM: Select Organization (Ministry/Department from dropdown - 80+ options like Ministry of Railways, Home Affairs, Finance, Health, Agriculture, Rural Development, Labour, etc. OR PSU name), Subject (dropdown based on ministry - pension, service, scheme, complaint), Grievance Details (describe in detail - What happened? When? Where? Which official/office? What is your expectation/relief?), Upload Documents (PDF <2MB - applications submitted, rejection letters, correspondence, proof - NOT mandatory but helpful). VERIFY: Mobile OTP + Enter Captcha → SUBMIT → UNIQUE REGISTRATION NUMBER (13-14 digit) → SMS + Email confirmation. GRIEVANCE PROCESS: 1) Grievance forwarded to concerned Ministry/Department → 2) Further forwarded to responsible officer/section → 3) Officer examines → 4) Action taken/Reply posted on portal (you get SMS notification) → 5) Citizen views reply → RATE: "Satisfied" / "Not Satisfied" → 6) If NOT SATISFIED: Grievance AUTO-ESCALATED to senior authority (next level) → Re-examination → Fresh action. TIMELINE: 60 DAYS for resolution (30 days for nodal officer reply + 30 days for escalation if needed). If no action within 60 days, system auto-escalates to Administrative Secretary level. TRACK GRIEVANCE: Login CPGRAMS → "Track Your Grievance" → Enter Registration Number → Check STATUS: Pending/Under Process/Forwarded to concerned Ministry/Disposed (resolved). VIEW REPLY: Click on grievance → See officer's action taken report/reply. APPEAL: If still not satisfied after escalation, can file GRIEVANCE APPEAL (green button - "Appeal") within 30 days of disposal. LIMITATIONS: CPGRAMS does NOT: Handle Judicial matters (sub-judice cases pending in court), RTI applications (use rtionline.gov.in), Suggestions/policy inputs (use MyGov portal), State govt issues (use state CM portal, ONLY if state integrated with CPGRAMS like Haryana). ALSO: PM INDIA PORTAL (pmindia.gov.in) → Select "Grievances" → Similar process → Directly to PMO (Prime Minister's Office) → For serious/high-priority issues. STATE PORTALS: Each state has Chief Minister's Grievance Portal (e.g., Himachal MukhmantriJanta Helpline, UP Janta Darbar, Maharashtra CM Helpline).
What are the time limits (limitation period) for filing different legal cases?
LIMITATION ACT 1963 prescribes time limits for filing cases/appeals. BEYOND LIMIT = Case time-barred (dismissed without hearing). MAJOR LIMITATIONS: CIVIL MATTERS: 1) Recovery of money: 3 YEARS from date of debt due/breach of contract. 2) Recovery on mortgage: 12 YEARS. 3) Property possession suit: 12 YEARS from dispossession/encroachment. 4) Specific performance (enforce contract): 3 YEARS from fixed performance date or breach. 5) Declaration suit (establish right): 3 YEARS. 6) Rent arrears recovery: 3 YEARS. 7) Suit on promissory note/bill of exchange: 3 YEARS from date of repayment. 8) Suit for partition: 12 YEARS. 9) Compensation for negligence/accident (not motor): 3 YEARS from accident. 10) Suit to set aside transfer (fraud): 3 YEARS from discovery of fraud. CONSUMER CASES: 2 YEARS from date of cause of action (purchase/defect/deficiency). Start date: When defect discovered OR when product delivered/service rendered. MOTOR ACCIDENT CLAIMS: 3 YEARS from date of accident (Motor Vehicles Act) - file before MACT (Motor Accident Claims Tribunal). CRIMINAL MATTERS: Complaint in Magistrate Court: 3 YEARS for most offences (Section 468 CrPC). FIR: NO LIMITATION for serious crimes (cognizable offences - murder, rape, robbery, etc.). Some petty offences: 6 months to 3 years. LABOUR MATTERS: 1) Industrial disputes: 3 YEARS from date of dispute/cause of action. 2) Payment of Wages Act: 3 YEARS from wage due date. 3) Gratuity claims: NOT specified, but reasonable time (courts accepted up to 5-10 years with reasons). 4) EPF (Provident Fund): No strict limitation but file within reasonable time (EPFO accepts even old claims if valid). APPEALS: 1) Civil Appeals: 30-90 DAYS from judgment date (90 days to High Court from District Court, 30 days within same court). 2) Criminal Appeals: 30-60 DAYS (30 days to Sessions Court from Magistrate, 60 days to High Court from Sessions). 3) Supreme Court: 90 DAYS from High Court judgment. 4) Consumer Forums: 30-45 DAYS (30 days to State Commission from District, 45 days to National from State). 5) RTI First Appeal: 30 DAYS from PIO reply date OR expiry of 30-day deadline. 6) RTI Second Appeal: 90 DAYS from First Appellate Authority order date. EXECUTION (enforcement of decree/judgment): 12 YEARS from decree date. CONDONATION OF DELAY: Courts/Tribunals can condone (excuse) delay if "sufficient cause" shown. APPLICATION: File Condonation Application with affidavit explaining delay (medical emergency, ignorance of law, etc.) + main appeal/case. Courts liberal in condoning (but NOT indefinite delay). COMPUTATION: Exclude date of cause of action, include filing date (e.g., accident on 01/01/2023 → 3 years till 31/12/2025, file by 31/12/2025). SPECIAL: Minors (below 18), persons of unsound mind: Limitation starts when they attain majority/sanity (or thru legal guardian during minority). FRAUD/CONCEALMENT: Limitation starts from discovery of fraud, not fraud date. ADVICE: FILE EARLY! Don't wait till last day (document preparation, vakalatnama, court fee, queueing takes time). If nearing limitation, file urgently with typed petition (proper draft later). MISSING DEADLINE = CASE DISMISSED (except with strong condonation grounds).
What is whistleblower protection? How to report corruption anonymously?
WHISTLEBLOWER = Person reporting corruption/misuse of power by public servants. PROTECTION: Whistleblowers Protection Act 2014 (amended 2015) + Vigilance Manual provisions. PROTECTION FEATURES: 1) Identity CONFIDENTIALITY (name, address not disclosed to accused official), 2) Protection from victimization (transfer, harassment, punishment at workplace prohibited), 3) Anonymous complaints accepted (if specific information provided), 4) Retaliation = punishment (1 year jail + fine on retaliating officer). WHERE TO REPORT CORRUPTION: 1) CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION (CVC): For Central govt employees (Group A, B, C, D). Website: cvc.gov.in → Online Complaint → Select "Public Complaints" → Fill details (complainant optional if anonymous, accused officer name/designation/office MUST, nature of corruption - bribe, favoritism, misuse of funds, with dates/facts/amounts), Upload documents (if any - not mandatory for anonymous but adds credibility), Submit → Acknowledgment number. CVC forwards to Vigilance Department → Enquiry → CBI/ACB investigation if serious. 2) LOKPAL: For MPs, Ministers, PM, Group A officers. Website: lokpal.gov.in → Complaint (written + affidavit - identity needed, not fully anonymous) → Lokpal conducts inquiry/orders investigation. 3) STATE LOKAYUKTA: For State govt officials, MLAs, Ministers, CM. State-specific (structures vary - some strong, some weak). Check state govt website. 4) ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU (ACB) / VIGILANCE DEPARTMENT: State-level investigative agency. Can file written complaint or call helpline (state-specific). 5) ACB HELPLINE / VIGILANCE HELPLINE: Most states have toll-free numbers (e.g., 1064 in some states). 6) I PAID A BRIBE: Website ipaidabribe.com (by Janaagraha NGO) - Crowdsourced corruption reporting. Anonymous. Data used for advocacy (not direct action but builds pressure). COMPLAINT DETAILS TO INCLUDE (even if anonymous): 1) Accused official: Name, designation, office/department, location. 2) Nature of corruption: Bribe (how much, when, where), Favoritism, Disproportionate assets, Misuse of power, Fraud in procurement/contracts. 3) Specific facts: Dates, amounts, beneficiaries, witness names (if possible), documents available. 4) Evidence: Copies/photos of documents, bank statements, property records, emails, audio/video (if legally obtained), witness details. VAGUE/GENERAL COMPLAINTS: "All officers in XYZ dept are corrupt" → NOT entertained. SPECIFIC: "Mr. ABC, Section Officer, ABC Dept, XYZ office, demanded ₹5,000 bribe on 01/01/2024 for file clearance. Witness: clerk Mr. DEF" → Actionable. ANONYMOUS COMPLAINTS: Accepted by CVC/ACB if: Information specific, Details sufficient for preliminary enquiry, Verifiable facts (file numbers, dates, amounts). But credibility higher if name provided (with confidentiality request). INQUIRY PROCESS: Preliminary Verification → Regular Inquiry (vigilance dept) → CBI Investigation (if serious) → Chargesheet / Disciplinary Action (minor penalty, major penalty - dismissal) / Prosecution (CBI courts if criminal case). OUTCOME: 6 months to 2-3 years depending on complexity. CVC publishes corruption stats (officers punished) on website. SELF-PROTECTION: If filing with identity (not anonymous): 1) Keep copy of complaint + acknowledgment, 2) Inform trusted persons/family, 3) If transferred/harassed post-complaint: File representation to CVC/CAT (Central Administrative Tribunal) citing victimization, 4) Escalate to media/NGOs if life-threat. RTI ON CORRUPTION: Can also file RTI to expose corruption (ask for files, decisions, beneficiaries) → But RTI response may alert accused (use strategically).
Required Documents
- Aadhaar Card (identity proof for most legal services)
- Address Proof (utility bill, rent agreement, voter ID)
- Income Certificate (for legal aid eligibility <₹5 lakh/year)
- Caste Certificate (if SC/ST for free legal aid)
- Purchase Bills/Invoices (for consumer complaints)
- Evidence Documents (photos, videos, screenshots, emails, SMS)
- Written Complaint/Affidavit (detailed facts, dates, parties)
- FIR Copy (if police complaint already lodged)
- Medical Reports (for injury, assault, domestic violence cases)
- Salary Slips/Employment Proof (for labour complaints)
- Bank Statements (for financial fraud, cheque bounce)
- Contract/Agreement Copy (for civil disputes)
- Property Documents (7/12, registry for property disputes)
- Death Certificate (for succession, legal heir claims)
- Marriage Certificate (for maintenance, divorce cases)
- Witness Statements (supporting affidavits if witnesses available)
- Court Notices/Summons (if received)
- Passport (for international legal matters)
- PAN Card (for tax-related legal issues)
- Disability Certificate (for free legal aid if person with disability)